Key Theorists Condensed

Althusser (1970)

Ideological state apparatus- institutions such as education, the churches, family, media, trade unions and law, which were formally outside state control but which served to transmit the values of the state. In contempory capatalist societies education has replaced the church as the principal ideoogical stte apparatus. Among marxits, the term is constrasted with the so-called 'repressive state apparatus' of the armed forces and police, and is allotted a major role in securing compliance within developed capatalist societies.

Gramscic (1971)

Cultural hegemony; a culturally diverse society can be ruled or dominated by one of its social classes. It is the dominace of the social group over another, e.g the ruling class over all other classes. The theory claims that the ideas of the ruling class come to be seen as the norm; they are seen as universal ideologies, pecieved to benefit everyone whilst only really benefiting the ruling class.

Cohen (1972)

Societies appear to be subject, every now and then, to periods of moral panic. A condition, episode, person or groups of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values ad interests; its nature is presented in a stylized and stereotypical fashion by the mass media.

Gerbner (1986)

The repetitive pattern of television mass-produced message and imageges inflkuenced people's understandng of the world.
Cultivation Theory.
Mean world Syndrome.

Acland (1995)

Order has a key function: to reproduce itself. Youth in crisis, youth gone wild,m is a central site in which this activity of reproducing order takjes place. It involves the constitution of the normal adult, the normal youth, and the relatoion between the two. The deviant youth is thus a crucial trope of this relationship; it helps patrol the boundaries.

Giroux (1997)

Representations of youth and in popular culture have a long and complex history and habitually serve as signposts through which American society registers its own crisis of meaning, vision and community. Youth becomes an empoty category inhabited by the deisres, fantasies and interests of the adult world.

McRobbie (2004)

Symbolic violence against the working class is a from of social reproduction.